Which concept emphasizes self-actualization as the highest psychological need?

The concept that emphasizes self-actualization as the highest psychological need is Maslow's hierarchy of needs. This theory, developed by Abraham Maslow, is often depicted as a pyramid consisting of five levels of needs.

At the base of the pyramid are physiological needs, followed by safety needs, social needs (belongingness and love), and esteem needs. Self-actualization occupies the top level, representing the fulfillment of personal potential and the pursuit of personal growth and peak experiences. It suggests that individuals are motivated to achieve their fullest potential once basic needs are satisfied.

Maslow believed that self-actualization involves realizing personal capabilities, seeking personal meaning, and striving for creativity and problem-solving. This makes it distinctively focused on the individual’s aspirations, growth, and the quest for fulfillment in life. The other concepts, such as behavioral conditioning, cognitive development, and Freudian analysis, do not specifically prioritize self-actualization in the same way that Maslow’s hierarchy does.