What term distinguishes actual competence and performance of an older adult from their chronological age?

The term that distinguishes actual competence and performance of an older adult from their chronological age is functional age. Functional age takes into account the individual's physical, mental, and social abilities, rather than merely their age in years. It reflects how well an older adult can perform daily activities and engage with their surroundings, providing a more nuanced understanding of their capabilities.

Individuals of the same chronological age can vary significantly in their functional age based on health status, lifestyle, and experience. This concept is especially important in activity programming and planning, as it allows for tailored activities that match the abilities and interests of individuals rather than assuming limitations based solely on their chronological age.

The other terms, such as chronological age, refer simply to the number of years a person has lived. Age cohort refers to a group of people born during the same period, which does not convey individual functioning. Life stages are broader categories that describe phases of development throughout life without focusing on individual competence. Thus, functional age provides a vital perspective in understanding and supporting the needs of older adults more effectively.